As new generations of composites and bonding agents are developed, the questions become: Are the new materials better than the older products? What are the limitations of the materials? What is a bioactive filling material, and do I need it? How do I best protect the pulp? We will discuss the answers to these questions as we review new materials and techniques in an effort to improve treatment outcomes. We will also analyze composite layering techniques, shade-changing composite materials and techniques for avoiding post-operative sensitivity.